Suchergebnisse

La política del agua en España, como en toda Europa, está sometida a un proceso de cambio profundo. A los factores políticos, económicos y sociales generales que motivan esta transformación se añade la aplicación de la nueva Directiva marco del agua europea de 2000, que en buena parte es expresión institucional de aquellos. En este artículo se analizan las características, potencialidades y dificultades fundamentales de este nuevo marco de política del agua y se valora el proceso, todavía inicial, de su aplicación en Andalucía, haciendose especial referencia a los aspectos de gobernabilidad, integración de políticas, responsabilidad económica de los usuarios y participación pública en la cuenca del Guadalquivir. ; Water policy in Spain, as in all Europe, is being subjected to a deep process of change throughout the last decade. There are several cultural, economic and social factors that explain this political shift, among which the new European Water Framework Directive has to be carefully taken into account. In this article the main characteristics, potentialities and difficulties of this water policy framework are revised. After this, the article assesses the implementation of this process in Andalucía, specifically through the most recent documents of the Guadalquivir river basin management planning. Special attention is paid to issues concerning governance, policies integration, cost recovery and public participation.

Cette étude présente des discussions sur la reagadío qui ont eu lieu ces dernières années. Parmi les questions qui ont été abordé dans ce débat, on note les sujets suivants : les cadres institutionnels de la politique agraire à diverses échelles, l'analyse du fonctionnement économique de l'irrigation et de sa capacité à aborder les nouvelles problématiques de recouvrement des coûts de l'eau, les processus d'innovation et de développement technologique, les relations entre les terres irriguées et les paysages de l'eau, et enfin les implications de ces relations dans la définition des objectifs environnementaux des nouveaux plans de gestion des bassins hydrographiques. Tous ces thèmes traversent les débats des huit congrès ibériques sur la planification et la gestion de l'eau entre 1998 et 2010, dont ce texte constitue la synthèse.

El estudio comienza analizando la transformación de los usos del suelo en el espacio que comprende la cuenca hidrográfica del arroyo Riopudio, en el Aljarafe sevillano, con especial atención a los nuevos usos de naturaleza urbana y la consiguiente impermeabilización de los suelos. Posteriormente se investiga acerca de las Áreas de Oportunidad que prevé el Plan de Ordenación del Territorio de la Aglomeración Urbana de Sevilla, concretamente las que se localizan total o parcialmente sobre la superficie delimitada para el estudio, con el fin de aproximarnos en la medida de lo posible al nuevo aumento de superficie sellada que conllevaría la ejecución de dichas figuras del planeamiento territorial. Para ello se aplican criterios y estándares urbanísticos contemplados en la legislación vigente. Se estudia también, de manera conceptual, de qué forma la expansión urbana desarrollada en nuestro territorio en las últimas décadas afecta a las dinámicas hidrológicas de los sistemas fluviales a escala de cuenca, con el fin de poder trasladarlo posteriormente a nuestro caso de estudio y analizar de qué forma esos impactos se han desarrollado o no sobre el arroyo en cuestión. Finalmente, se propone la implantación de Sistemas Urbanos de Drenaje Sostenible como forma eficaz y eficiente de reducir los impactos que la impermeabilización del suelo genera sobre las dinámicas hidrológicas de los sistemas fluviales y, en última instancia, el ciclo natural del agua. ; The study begins by analyzing the transformation of land uses in the area that includes the hydrographic basin of the Riopudio watercourse, in the Aljarafe, province of Seville, with special attention to the new urban development processes and the subsequent sealing of soils. Then, the we investigate about the so called 'Opportunity Areas' (OOAA) proposed by the Urban Agglomeration of Seville Land Use Plan; we focus specifically on the OOAA located totally or partially in the case study area, in order to evaluate the new increase in sealed surface that would entail the execution of the land use planning contents. For this purpose, the urban criteria and standards contemplated in current legislation are applied. This work also studies, in a conceptual way, how urban expansion developed in recent decades affects hydrological dynamics of fluvial systems at the basin scale, in order to transfer it later to our case study and analyze at what degree these impacts have occurred in this concrete river basin. Finally, the implementation of Urban Sustainable Drainage Systems is proposed as an effective and efficient way to reduce the impacts that soil impermeability generates on the hydrological dynamics of river systems and, ultimately, on the natural water cycle.

The process of drafting, approving and implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) has played a pivotal role in the water-related political agenda of the Iberian Peninsula. The WFD has provided an institutional impetus for a shift from the dominant hydraulic paradigm towards a new water governance approach. The new approach, known as the New Water Culture (NWC), predated the WFD. It was initiated in Spain and Portugal in the 1990s and has been promoted by a coalition of academics, social activists, and water managers. Given the long tradition and relevance of water debates in Spain and Portugal, the sociopolitical and territorial conflicts surrounding the implementation of the new regulatory framework are of particular significance. Legal debates about the (in)correct transposition of the WFD into Spanish and Portuguese legislation are still unresolved. Legal debates about the (in)correct transposition of the WFD into Spanish and Portuguese legislation are still unresolved. Controversies focus on issues such as the use of economic instruments, for instance cost recovery and the use of public subsidies (a key component of the hydraulic paradigm), as well as the role of public participation in decision making processes. Significant resistance has been mounted by the traditional water policy community, which continues to dominate power structures surrounding water. Throughout the long WFD implementation process, conflicting views and interests have consistently emerged with regard to the diagnosis and identification of existing pressures and the definition, evaluation and implementation of the proposed measures. Controversies have also emerged around the extensive use of exceptions which has allowed the hydraulic paradigm to persist over time. Progress towards the promised governance model, however, is taking place, with significant improvements in transparency, more accurate knowledge regarding the aquatic ecosystems services and the inclusion in water management agencies of more diverse experts including social scientists, biologists and geologists. This paper looks at the role the WFD implementation process is playing in the struggle for the transformation of water policy in Spain and Portugal. It examines this through the lens of the NWC movement.

In the last few years, parallel evolutionary processes in the socio-political, governmental and technological arenas have been providing new pathways for the collaborative generation, coordination and distribution of polycentric information. From a technological perspective, the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has boosted the availability of information about our planet, along with its storage, processing and dissemination capabilities. The Worldwide Web and satellite and electronic sensors combined with smart phone technologies have also opened new means for social, political and scientific innovation. From a socio-political standpoint, the implementation of policies that encourage the reutilisation of data and protect the right to information of interested parties, together with growing social demands for transparency, have resulted in an increasing number of governments drawing strategies to open up public data. In this context, this paper addresses two main topics that we deem will be key drivers for improved water governance in the near future. First, it discusses new practices of collaborative and distributed generation and disclosure of information for water governance, and the resulting challenges and opportunities afforded by the use of ICTs. Second, it looks at the interplay between the uptake of ICTs and institutional frameworks, social dynamics and technological structures within which they operate to understand the extent to which ICTs affect decision-making processes and contribute to creating alternative spaces for the production of common services or alternative discourses. Despite the advances in open data policies, findings suggest that there remain significant challenges to take full advantage of the opportunities offered by ICTs, mostly derived from the structural conditions of existing models of decision-making, and information generation and management. It seems that the potentialities of ICTs as transformative tools are conditioned by the regeneration of the context within which decisions are made, that is, the democratic process itself.